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Close-up of drilling mud being prepared, a critical component in stabilizing boreholes and ensuring safe drilling operations

BOREHOLE SEISMIC SURVEYS

Paulsson has over 100 years of combined experience in advanced borehole seismic design acquisition and processing. Paulsson has developed proprietary Borehole Seismic Imaging Technologies (BSIT) thus expanding the VSP concept to true 3D/4D high resolution imaging. The BSIT-VSP™ includes deploying, recording, processing and interpretation of 3D/4D survey data for enhanced reservoir characterization and monitoring.

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​Paulsson has recorded more than 70 3D BSIT-VSPs™ on three continents. Paulsson has recorded 6 timelapse 3D/4D BSIT-VSPs™ of CO2, water and steam injections.

APPLICATIONS

​​Paulsson’s 3D BSIT-VSP™ has been used for:

 

  • Imaging Continuity of Thin Reservoir Oil Sands

  • Location and Direction of Oil Reservoir Faults

  • Imaging the Location of Bypassed Oil & Gas

  • Imaging and Monitoring of Steam Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)

  • Aerial Distribution of CO2 Around the Injection Well

  • Imaging and Monitoring of the Injected CO2 for EOR

  • Imaging of Metal Bearing Formations

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DESIGN

Paulsson designs and models each 3D/4D BSIT-VSP survey:

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  • Collect existing well and surface seismic data to build a model.

  • Build a 3D structural, stratigraphic, and velocity model.

  • Perform 1st step numerical simulation to generate synthetic data.

  • Use 3D synthetic seismic data for 3D imaging.

  • Analyze results to optimize acquisition parameters

  • Perform 2nd (3rd etc) step numerical simulation to generate synthetic data based on results from 1st step.

ACQUISITION

Paulsson’s 3D BSIT-VSP™ system has been used with active seismic sources:

 

  • Surface Seismic full sized VibroSeis Vibrators

  • Surface Seismic MiniVibs VibroSeis Vibrators

  • Borehole Seismic 3C VibroSeis Vibrators

  • Marine Airguns

  • Marine Airgun Clusters

  • Dynamite

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Paulsson’s 3D BSIT-VSP™ system has been used with passive seismic sources

 

  • Earthquake monitoring

  • Micro Seismic Monitoring CO2 injection for EOR & CCS

  • Micro Seismic Monitoring of Geothermal Reservoirs

  • Sinkhole Monitoring

  • Geotechnical Monitoring.

​PROCESSING

Paulsson’s 3D BSIT-VSP™ technologies achieves 5 to 10 times the resolution of surface seismic. Our processing also generates depth images – not just time images. The following processing has been used in the past:

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  • Cross correlate the data if vibrators are used

  • Stack the data

  • Filter and delete bad traces

  • Pick 1st arrival

  • Build a velocity model

  • Seismic source estimation

  • Deconvolution

  • 3Component trace rotation

  • Wavefield separation

  • Migration and Imaging

    • Kirchoff Migration

    • Wave equation Migration

    • Reverse Time Migration

  • Update velocity model and do a second pass migration

​INTERPRETATION

  • Paulsson 3D BSIT-VSP generates true depth images

  • Paulsson’s 3D BSIT-VSP™ technology achieves 5 to 10 times the resolution of surface seismic.

  • Paulsson’s 3D BSIT-VSP™ technology achieves thousands of times the volumetric coverage of well logs

  • High resolution of geological and reservoir structures

  • High resolution of faults

  • High resolution of thin beds

  • High resolution of bed terminations

  • Gas vs Oil vs water

  • CO2 distribution

PAULSSON IN THE FIELD

Alaska 
2002

Large 3D VSP Survey for Anadarko/DOE using an 80 level 3C borehole seismic array on the North Slope, Alaska

Large 3D VSP Survey for Anadarko_DOE using an 80 level 3C borehole seismic array
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