PAULSSON
Advanced Optical Sensing
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CARBON CAPTURE & STORAGE (CCS)
Paulsson sensor technologies characterize and monitor geological Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) processes and facilities in ultra-high resolution and in real-time. It can also detect small casing leaks, and geological interbed gas flows, as well as monitor the structural integrity of critical equipment with extreme sensitivity and precision.
CCS WHAT IS IT?
Geological Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a process that involves capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from industrial processes or power generation, then storing them deep underground in geological formations such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs, saline aquifers, or un-minable coal seams.
Characterizing geological CCS processes and facilities in ultra-high resolution means obtaining detailed and precise information about the geological formations where CO2 is being injected and stored, as well as the injection and monitoring facilities used to manage the process. This level of resolution requires using advanced technologies such as seismic imaging, microseismic monitoring, and well logging to create highly detailed 3D models of the subsurface.
By characterizing geological CCS processes and facilities in ultra-high resolution, scientists and engineers can better understand the behavior of CO2 within the subsurface formations, as well as the potential risks and benefits of CCS. This information is critical for designing safe and effective CCS projects, as well as for monitoring and verifying the long-term storage of CO2. Additionally, this level of detail can help optimize injection and monitoring strategies, improve operational efficiency, and reduce costs associated with CCS.
THE PROCESS
The Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) process can be broken down into several key steps:
Carbon Capture
This step involves capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from industrial processes or power generation plants before they are released into the atmosphere. This can be achieved through several methods such as post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, or oxy-fuel combustion.
Compression
The captured CO2 is compressed to a high-pressure state for easier transport and storage.
Transport
The compressed CO2 is then transported via pipelines or other means to the storage site.
Injection
The CO2 is injected deep underground into geological formations such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs, saline aquifers, or un-minable coal seams. The CO2 is stored in these formations, which act as natural geological permanent containers.
Monitoring
The injection site is continuously monitored to ensure that the CO2 is being stored safely and securely. Monitoring can involve several techniques such as seismic imaging, microseismic, pressure and temperature monitoring, and fluid sampling.
Verification
After injection, the stored CO2 is verified through monitoring and modeling to ensure that it remains safely stored and does not leak into the atmosphere or water sources.
Overall, the CCS process aims to capture and store carbon dioxide emissions, preventing them from entering the atmosphere and contributing to climate change.
ADVANCING CARBON SEQUESTRATION
PAULSSON IS A 3D/4D VSP PIONEER AND WORLD RECORD HOLDER!
Paulsson has cemented its reputation as a pioneer and world record holder in 3D/4D Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) technology. In 2002 and 2003, Paulsson made history by conducting the first-ever time-lapse surveys of CO2 injection into a reservoir. These groundbreaking surveys set a new standard for time-lapse imaging of carbon sequestration, showcasing Paulsson’s commitment to advancing the field. By pushing the boundaries of what was possible in subsurface imaging, Paulsson's work has played a pivotal role in enhancing our understanding of carbon storage, marking a significant achievement in the pursuit of sustainable environmental solutions.
CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN ACTION!
This Production Grade time-lapse survey of CO2 injection in a reservoir was recorded, processed and interpreted by Paulsson.
Borehole Seismic Time-lapse surveys (4D VSP) to monitor 574 acre CO2 depth amplitude maps at 4,800ft showing the CO2 plume.
Increased reflectivity in the Monitor Survey 2003 at a depth of 4,800 ft at the well is due to the injected CO2. Also seen is the increased reflectivity around the water injector wells.